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Maleficia
A word carried over into medieval literature from the Latin for 'evil doings' and applied to misfortunes and calamities of all kinds for which no immediate causal explanation might be given.
Maleficia became inextricably woven into the idea of witchcraft, and with the work of the Devil, to a point where the word became a synonym for 'witch'.
Since antiquity, any malevolent acts and/or occurrences which were attributed to alleged witches, magicians and sorcerers, were labeled Maleficia. These usually involved events that brought harm and/or death to humans, animals or crops, believed to be the work of spells and enchantments, cast by someone out of revenge, spite or malice.
During the medieval witch-hunting craze, Maleficia — which also implied a pact with the Devil — was generally used to explain any natural disaster, accident, illness, or personal misfortune. Witches and sorcerers were believed to be able to bring on Maleficia through a variety of ways including spells and incantations, powders and potions, ointments and herbs, and figurines stuck with needles, thorns and nails.
See Compendium Maleficarum, Malleus Maleficarum of Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger, Raising Hell : A Concise History of the Black Arts and Those Who Dared Practice Them, The History of Witchcraft and Demonology, The Malleus Maleficarum of Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger, Agrippa, Diviner, Divination, Wizard, Pythagoras, Love Spells -- Use these powerful love spells to help you find and keep your true love, Unbroken Curses, Mystic Gifts and Charms - New Age Gift Shop & Wicca and Pagan Supplies, The Chakra Store, The Tarot Store, Divination & Scrying Tools and Supplies, Unique Amulets, Talismans, Good Luck Charms, and Love Tokens, Powerful Witch Doctor Spell Kits, Powerful Spells - Cast by Andreika the Witch, Webmasters Make $$$, AzureGreen - Celebrating All Paths to the Divine, ISIS - Tools for Your Soul's Journey, and The Pyramid Collection - Myth, Magick, Fantasy and Romance.
Sources: (1) Spence, Lewis, An Encyclopedia of Occultism, Carol Publishing Group; (2) Pickering, David, Cassell Dictionary of Witchcraft, Cassell Academic; (3) The Encyclopaedia Britannica Eleventh Edition Handy Volume Edition, Oxford University Press.
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